Service Blue Printing Methodology
Service blue printing is a
technique that helps us to design our services to maximize customer service, or
customer satisfaction. To understand the concept, let us first look at the
Customer Satisfaction aspect of services from theoretical perspective.
The SERVQUAL methodology
Service Quality (SERVQUAL) is a
model and a methodology that is used to describe the elements of the quality of
service to facilitate customer satisfaction. While there is no agreement of one
method to describe and measure the service quality, the SERVQUAL is identified
as the vastly used method for describing and measuring the quality of service
organizations.
Service Quality is identified with following attributes;
1.
Tangibles
– Physical facilities, equipment and appearance of personnel in the service
provision. Mainly those who come in contact with the customers, when it comes
to providing the service as well as the physical evidences that come in to
play.
2. Reliability
– Ability to perform the promised service dependability and accurately. This is
mainly dependent on the process effectiveness and training provided to the
employees on the service standards determined by the organization.
3. Responsiveness
– Willingness to help customer and provide prompt service. This will be
determined by the process efficiencies and level of training among the staff
interacts with the customer. “On stage” and “Back Stage” performance of
employees will contribute towards this element.
4. Empathy
– Caring and individualized attention that the firm provides to its customers.
The ambiance and the layout of the service environment, and employee attitude
will contribute towards this element.
Level of above elements can be
used to measure the quality of service, of organizations. Example of such
measurement is shown in the chart above. This is a result of measuring the
service quality of a Sri Lanka service organization. This chart basically shows
the customer satisfaction of the organization.
Understanding the Customer Satisfaction
The customer satisfaction and how
organization could cater for a higher level of customer satisfaction is
described in the “Gaps Model” of service quality. There are two models of
Service Quality Gaps Model, identified as 5 Gaps Model and 7 Gaps Model. For
the simplicity, we shall look at the five Gaps Model of the service quality
gap.
Gap 1 – Gap between
what customers expect and organizations understanding of what customers expect,
which is the management perception
Gap 2 – Management
perceptions versus service specifications, which is a management decision
of how the service is designed to serve the customers
Gap 3 –
Service
specification versus service delivery, this gap is created by either
employees not being competent enough to perform the service standards setup by
the company, or company not training employees in order to perform the service
standards set by the organization
Gap 4 – Service delivery versus external
communication, where the organization including the employees should
communicate the level of service provided. This may be achieved by the physical
settings, employee uniforms and postures and gestures of employees and response
time of service performance
Gap 5 – Overall Service
Quality Gap, which is the gap in the customer’s perception of what
customers perceived as could be expected from the organization, and the
perception gained by the customer after consuming the service. This is caused
as cumulative results of Gap 1, Gap 2, Gap 3
and Gap 4. This concept is
illustrated in the diagram above.
Above highlights the requirement
of organizing the organizations process, organizational structure and physical
evidences associated with the service provision of the organization in order to
provide a good Customer Service, and to minimize the service quality gap. The
Service Blue Printing is used as a tool to determine or design the best service
process within the organization, to serve customers.
Service Blue Print
Objective of the Service Blue
Print is to identify the process that Customer performs during the time that
customer consumes the service, and organize the entire organization to provide
a service that would facilitate the customer’s process, so the achievement of
customer satisfaction would be the ultimate result.
Service Blue Print will look at
the Customer Process during the time of customer consuming the service. If
there are different modes of customer interaction with the organization, each
will be identified separately for the purpose of analysis. Upon identifying the
Customer Process, elements which have a direct interaction with the Customers
will be mapped to serve the customer process as “on stage” processes. “Back
Stage” Processes will be identified beyond the point of interaction with the
customers, and support processes as well will be laid down to complete the
service provision to customer process. This will be developed to a graphical
representation of “bird’s eye” view of the organizations’ facilitation for the
customer process. This overall view will help an analyst to identify failure
points in the overall system.
Finally all the physical
evidences as well will be identified and in-depth analysis can be performed to
identify how best the physical evidences should be organized to facilitate
customer process.
Service Blue Print will help the
organization to cater for the all the five elements of SERVQUAL model, and
partial facilitation of Service Quality Gap as well.